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| [[Category:Linux Shell Commands]]
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| [[Techniques]]: [[Linux]]: [[dd]]
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| ==Documentation==
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| ===NAME===
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| [[dd]] - convert and copy a file
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| ===SYNOPSIS===
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| [[dd]] [''OPTION'']...
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| ===DESCRIPTION===
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| Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options.
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| *'''bs='''''BYTES''
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| :force '''ibs='''''BYTES'' and '''obs='''''BYTES''
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| *'''cbs='''''BYTES''
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| :convert ''BYTES'' bytes at a time
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| *'''conv='''''KEYWORDS''
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| :convert the file as per the comma separated keyword list
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| *'''count='''''BLOCKS''
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| :copy only ''BLOCKS'' input blocks
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| *'''ibs='''''BYTES''
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| :read ''BYTES'' bytes at a time
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| *'''if='''''FILE''
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| :read from ''FILE'' instead of stdin
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| *'''obs='''''BYTES''
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| :write ''BYTES'' bytes at a time
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| *'''of='''''FILE''
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| :write to ''FILE'' instead of stdout
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| *'''seek='''''BLOCKS''
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| :skip ''BLOCKS'' ''obs''-sized blocks at start of output
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| *'''skip='''''BLOCKS''
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| :skip ''BLOCKS'' ''ibs''-sized blocks at start of input
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| *'''--help'''
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| :display this help and exit
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| *'''--version'''
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| :output version information and exit
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| ''BLOCKS'' and ''BYTES'' may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: xM M, c 1, w 2, b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
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| Each ''KEYWORD'' may be:
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| *'''ascii''' - from EBCDIC to ASCII
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| *'''ebcdic''' - from ASCII to EBCDIC
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| *'''ibm''' - from ASCII to alternated EBCDIC
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| *'''block''' - pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
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| *'''unblock''' - replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
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| *'''lcase''' - change upper case to lower case
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| *'''notrunc''' - do not truncate the output file
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| *'''ucase''' - change lower case to upper case
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| *'''swab''' - swap every pair of input bytes
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| *'''noerror''' - continue after read errors
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| *'''sync''' - pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs
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| Note that sending a SIGUSR1 signal to a running `dd' process makes it print to standard error the number of records read and written so far, then to resume copying.
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| $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
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| $ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
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| 10899206+0 records in 10899206+0 records out
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| ===AUTHOR===
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| Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp.
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| ===REPORTING BUGS===
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| Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
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| ===COPYRIGHT===
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| Copyright © 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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| ===SEE ALSO===
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| The full documentation for dd is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and dd programs are properly installed at your site, the command
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| info coreutils dd
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| should give you access to the complete manual.
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| ==Edit Log==
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| *'''2005-06-25''' Created from Linux manpage (Ubuntu hoary)
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